The world after humans show7/11/2023 ![]() 100,000-year-old shell jewellery suggests that that people develop complex speech and symbolism 140,000 YAįirst evidence of long-distance trade 110,000 YAĮarliest beads – made from ostrich eggshells – and jewellery 50,000 YA Mitochondrial Eve, the direct ancestor to all living people today, may have been living in Africa 150,000 YA Average human brain volume is 1350 cm 3 170,000 YA Oldest modern human remains are two skulls found in Ethiopia that date to this period. Our own species Homo sapiens appears on the scene – and shortly after begins to migrate across Asia and Europe. Neanderthals appear and are found across Europe, from Britain in the west to Iran in the east, until they become extinct with the advent of modern humans 28,000 years ago 195,000 YA Oldest surviving early human footprints are left by three people who scrambled down the slopes of a volcano in Italy 280,000 YAįirst complex stone blades and grinding stones 230,000 YA Similar brain capacity to modern humans 500,000 YAĮarliest evidence of purpose-built shelters – wooden huts – are known from sites near Chichibu, Japan 400,000 YAĮarly humans begin to hunt with spears 325,000 YA Homo Heidelbergensis lives in Africa and Europe. More complex Acheulean stone tools start to be produced and are the dominant technology until 100,000 years ago 600,000 YA More convincing evidence of charred wood and stone tools is found in Israel and dated to 780,000 years ago Possible first sporadic use of fire suggested by discoloured sediments in Koobi Fora, Kenya. It attains a brain size of around 1000 cm 3 1.6 MYA First true hunter-gatherer ancestor, and also first to have migrated out of Africa in large numbers. Some hominids develop meat-rich diets as scavengers, the extra energy may have favoured the evolution of larger brains 2 MYAĮvidence of Homo ergaster, with a brain volume of up to 850 cm 3, in Africa 1.8 – 1.5 MYA Hominids start to use stone tools regularly, created by splitting pebbles – this starts Oldowan tradition of toolmaking, which last a million years Its face protrudes less than earlier hominids, but still retains many ape features. Paranthropus, lives in woods and grasslands, has massive jaws for chewing on roots and vegetation. Lucy, famous specimen of Australopithecus afarensis, lives near what is now Hadar, Ethiopia 2.7 MYA First human ancestors to live on the savannah 3.2 MYA ![]() They have brains no larger than a chimpanzee’s – with a volume around 400 – 500 cm 3 -, but walk upright on two legs. Ardipithecus, early “proto-human” shares traits with chimps and gorillas, and is forest-dwelling 4 MYAĪustralopithecines appear.
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